These two slab-on-grade configurations are illustrated in Figures 4-2 and 4-3. Available in multiple sizes from 6” to 14” wide, all curb opening castings are designed to allow trench drain connections for both Angle and Channel style frames. 7011 6002. Dig the Trench. Below are a some under slab plumbing diagrams that are relatively common. From digital specification to water-saving calculations, find the tools to help you conserve materials, costs, and our most precious resource. Trench Drain Forming Systems Advanced Building Technologies, Inc. Water flows need to be accounted for and appropriate redirection must be planned so water does not undercut the slab. Unique flanges on the bottom of the channel provide an anchoring lip for straight installation and prevents floating. Contact ACO for information on monolithic trench drains. Heavy rainfall, climate changes and unpredictable weather patterns are impacting the way we control surface water. Our product line includes the EconoDrain® EPS forming system, EconoDrain DG-4™ decorative grate series, EconoDrain PT-2™ extra heavy-duty trench drain system, Alfa. 2. D525 - Standard Monolithic Curb . Standard trench drain grates from 1 1/2" to 12". Channel drains, also known as trench drains, are long, narrow drains that collect water and direct it to drain pipe; the water is carried to a discharge point downstream such as a pop-up emitter or to percolate into the ground with a dry well or infiltration trench. AD and AS are the areas of the drain and source diffusions, in square meters. More Options Available $ 79. Patented interior drainage systems from Basement Systems are clog resistant. 6. Monoblock is designed to address the drainage demands of heavy duty areas in fast moving traffic. Insulation requirements for slab-on-grade floors can be found in section R402. Accommodating different wall treatments, entry locations and styles are a specialty of Grifform® and are always. select “Add to Quote Generator”. Figure 5. U. These two slab-on-grade configurations are illustrated in Figures 4-2 and 4-3. A: Hi Chris, unfortunately, the 5" pro series channel drain design come in 39-3/8" and 19-11/16" pieces. Precast concete culverts can be shipped to the jobsite for immediate installation, cutting down on project time and cost. Assuming #8 size reinforcement (1" diameter), we can find d:SALICIDE (Self-Aligned Silicide) Source/Drain R s R SDd G gate oxide contact metal dielectric spacer channel N+ source or drain CoSi 2 or TiSi 2 After the spacer is formed, a Ti or Mo film is deposited. C-250 D-400 E. Useful for medium-high hydraulic. Customizable pre-sloped expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam forms. For 2,000 LBV soil or greater, two-story buildings may have 12-inch minimum wide footings. Most installations can be completed in 2 days or less. Formerly 2. 3 shall be used for testing. In all cases, thermoplastic pipe should be installed at least below frost level. As nouns the difference between curb and gutter is that curb is (North America) a row of concrete along the edge of a road a kerb (UK) while gutter is a prepared channel in a surface, especially at the side of a road. US$ 20-50 / Piece. combined storm drain and outlet trench in rock areas #57 size coarse aggregate. However, the lower end of that scale would apply only to simple yard systems and not foundation water management systems. Wood sole plates at all exterior walls on monolithic slabs, wood sole plates of braced wall panels at building interiors on monolithic slabs and all wood sill plates shall be anchored to the foundation with minimum 1 / 2-inch-diameter (12. Whether installed in the yard or the basement, a French drain works on the same principle. 6" 12. Section E - ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS. MultiDrain Systems, Inc. Oldcastle Infrastructure is an industry leader in engineered building solutions. The beauty of this system is that the foundation wall and slab are created in one casting, which makes it efficient in terms of cost, labor, and time. ACPA Resources; 0. is a monolithic concrete turn-down slab. However, it’s a lot more subtle in terms of its appearance in the landscape. The plumbing trenches are typically dug at the same time as the slab footings, if any. They are designed to be liquid tight with no joints or penetrations. The Spee-D Channel Drain, part of the NDS Profile Channel series, is ideal for capturing moderate water flows from driveways, patios, pools areas, courtyards, and walkways to. d. Civil Construction Pathways for Indiana High Schools; INDOT and Vincennes University Commercial Driver's License Partnership; Federal Aid Highway Contractors Annual EEO ReportOnce the drain line is installed, coarse stone or gravel should then be put on top of the drain line leaving approximately 3–4 inches for topsoil for the lawn to grow in. We have information about roadway design standards and guidelines for the City of Boston. The design loads specified in Table 4. The trench should be at least 2 feet wide, and can be as deep as 6 feet for a basement or as shallow as two feet for a slab-on-grade home. ADA Compliant. Prefabricated/Precast buildings help to reduce timelines and keep projects on budget. NDS channel and trench drains are designed for durability, drainage. S. Our surface drainage products, which can be installed using existing construction techniques, are simple, economical, and heavy duty. Many options are available to meet demands for heavy duty to light commercial applications. 75 mm) sieve. Volume 6 Departmental Standards and Advice Notes on Contract Documentation and Site Supervision. 2. Sport drain sloping system shall employ an angled grade on both sides of a linear trench to move runoff into a point along the channel. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. U. . Monolithic Drainage Ditch Channel Drain Resin Concrete Gutter Drain U Type Resin Concrete Drainage Channel Rainwater Drainage. BG-FILCOTEN Tec V 100 by NDS® trench drain system is available with galvanized or stainless steel rails in pre-sloped and neutral sections and is resilient up to Class E600 (in accordance to DIN 19580). Spee-D Channel Couplings are made of durable, weather-resistant PVC. 10’10” x 5'7” x 5’8”. We have also supplied our F300 and F400 channels to Bellshill, Knowsley,. L and W are the channel length and width, in meters. Channel materials include: Fiber Reinforced Concrete. The world’s most popular modular trench drain system. In addition to reducing the runoff from the rain that falls on them, permeable pavements can help filter out pollutants that contribute to water pollution. Area available for flow (channel Stainless Steel Linear Shower Drain. EN 1433 also outlines system testing for monolithic trench drains (grate and body manufactured as a single unit). 3. a21. . Useful for medium-high hydraulic requirements. Sub-slab barrier penetrations during trench drain installation and monolithic pours are eliminated using no-float legs and anchor slab. Excavation for Channels and Other Drainage Facilities 8 6/1/2016 130 Borrow 7 5/1/2016. D x 39. For Concrete Pipe and Precast inquiries, contact your regional County Materials facility: Florida - (352) 343-8488. 4 meters) of length. They also. The standard specifications and drawings (DD) are provided as a technical resource for engineering professionals for use in design and construction of water and wastewater projects managed and contracted by the San Antonio Water System. I will show you guys step by step how we do these. Lynnwood Standard Plans Index (PDF, 267KB) Lynnwood Standard Plans Naming System (PDF, 346KB) Lynnwood Retired Standard Plans Guide (PDF, 255KB) 10 Result (s) Found. . Note that the suffix u specifies µm and p square µm. Sep 1, 2021 - BG-FILCOTEN Trench drain pro V is suitable for installation in industrial areas. The trap seal of a trap is an essential feature of a drainage system to prevent odors from the drainage piping from entering the building. Monolithic trench drain with built-in grating in a single body, for medium or high loads, specially designed for intense vehicle traffic. Florida Building Code Administrative Chapter 1 is included. From upfront design consultation, to simplified installation, and performance after your job is done, we’re here to meet all of your trench drain project requirements. 095 Trench Plug . Many floor drain systems include trenches, also known as a sediment trap, and use an oil/water separator, also known as a flammable trap, to segregate these wastes. The main types of French drains you’ll see in homes are: Interior French Drains: Built around the perimeter of a basement into concrete; costs $5,000 to $13,500 ($40 to $100 per linear foot) on average. the covers or grates of trench drains shall be in accordance with AS3996:2006. 6. Dig a trench along the outside of your footing. Utility Trench Pavement Patch (Notes) PDF. 3. Outlet connections can be piped to structures or the trench can run directly into a structure. Monolithic trench drain with built-in grating in a single body, for medium or high loads, specially designed for intense vehicle traffic. An open caisson that is used in soft grounds or high water tables, where open trench excavations are impractical, can also be used to install deep manholes, pump stations and reception/launch pits for micro tunnelling, pipe jacking and other operations. Pins from left to right are: gate (logic-level), drain, source. Find concrete and driveway channel trench drains from the leader in drainage systems, NDS Pro. We also provide area home owners and business customers with an outstanding tank warranty and peace of mind that every robust, one-piece tank from A. P. ** NOTE TO SPECIFIER ** Delete NW Series option not required. There are at least four kinds of slab foundations: A thickened-edge slab, also known as a monolithic slab, integrates the footing and the slab in a way that allows all of the concrete to be placed at the same time. For this style, it i s . Trench drains, also known as channel drains, are perfect for diverting. S. Foss is designed to prevent tank failures and deliver lasting, low-maintenance use. Primarily, this was achieved by targeting the trench and deep P+ junction depth to ensure that the drain-to-body breakdown location was remote from the trench gate oxide (Fig. Useful for medium-high hydraulic. 4 in. long; length can be cut to size with a saw. Product: BG-FILCOTEN one. D-400 E-600 F-900 EconoDrain PT-2® Extra Heavy Duty Trench Drain System is a complete pre-engineered trench drain forming system com-bining the features and advantages of our heavy duty Econo-Drain® series with added load-carrying capability necessary for airports, seaports and intermodal facilities. Two-story buildings require a minimum of 15-inch wide footings for 1,500 LBV soil. ACO Modular Channel Portfolio. Precast Concrete Septic Tank – 1250/500 Gallons. 3. Adjust the gravel base as needed. ‘U’-Drains can be used for indoor and outdoor applications. 1. Choose from Micro, Mini Slop, FILCOTEN and our PRO Series. Single Piece Construction; Integral Section; Offers rugged durability for water conveyance and erosion control; Quick and easy install; Wings (and an optional base) extend from bridge and box culvert openings to act as a retaining wall to the surrounding terrainCreated Date: 10/27/2015 2:49:25 PMThe pipe gradually descends until it ties into the public sewer main that may run behind the houses in an easement or beneath the street in front of the house. French Drains. Additional Info. Just for a toilet, the distance from the sewer pipe to the new location, drain slope increase, and rerouting can run you the full $6,500 or more. 17 , may accordingly be obtained. More Details. Drainage systems are intended to dispose of wastewater as quickly as possible, while also preventing the gases from sewers and septic tanks from entering residential locations. Useful for medium-high hydraulic requirements. Modular Channel System. AD and AS are the areas of the drain and source diffusions, in square meters. Replacement Grates for all Manufacturers. With some drains, a special wall flange will run up the walls along the side to collect water running down from the foundation walls with no need for a large gap along the edge to collect debris. Industrial grade stainless steel trench and floor drains. STORMWATER TRT UNIT (72IN) (6 CARTRIDGE)MEALINE S Drainage Channel with Galvanised Slotted Grating 1m - A15. Excess water saturates the soil, gets muddy, and attracts bugs and pests. A monolithic slab (sometimes called a thickened-edge or turndown slab) is a concrete slab that is poured with a thickened perimeter that acts as the footing. The Oldcastle FRP family of enclosures are produced in a unique hybrid process bonding strong, polymer concrete rings with high-impact resistant fiberglass sidewalls, forming a monolithic body. A trench drain is a continuous line of surface drainage that removes liquid from a specific area. Plastic Channel Drains – can only be used for residential driveways since they are not. S. By lifting the base of the house, its walls are protected from flooding and some other environmental hazards. Walls. Floor Drains Jay R. Temporarily pin the excess in place with nails or landscape fabric pins. Floor drains can mix many sources of waste, including wash water, used oil, chemicals, and sediments into a single difficult-to-manage semi-liquid stream. The Grifform® Custom Shower Pans can be built using many different approved Solid Surface materials and colors. Pre-cast trench drains furnished shall be a monolithic polymer concrete made from a composition of aggregate and 2-part polymer resin in accordance with Table 1, Here we prep for a trench drain in my uncle Bob's pole barn. Except for simple sloping drainage systems, a trench encircles the foundation and contains the perforated pipe and gravel. EconoDrain is a pre-engineered trench drain forming system. 6(1), R611. Level Trench. ”. Riser rings are load tested to ensure dependable strength and long-lasting durability, and are DOT approved in many states. Wood sole plates at all exterior walls on monolithic slabs, wood sole plates of braced wall panels at building interiors on monolithic slabs and all wood sill plates shall be anchored to the foundation with minimum 1 / 2-inchdiameter (12. Raised Cycle Track and Boulevard With Trench Drain: Sep 2023: T-603. ACO Drain is the market-leading brand for drainage solutions due to its comprehensive and diverse range of products. C-250 D-400 E-600 F-900. Monolithic foundation – Similar to the floating foundation with the addition of a frost wall about three or more feet under the pad. A foundation in residential construction may consist of a footing, wall, slab, pier, pile, or a combination of these elements. Once sections are delivered, they are set horizontally and the joints must be pulled together or ?tugged up” using a pulley system. Like a trench drain, a swale is a surface water drainage device. Technical Resources from the American Concrete Pipe Association. £65. 053: Raised Uni-directional Cycle Track Platform with Trench Drain: Sep 2023: T-603. 6. The ASCE design is a haunched, monolithic slab, where the integral slab and footings are poured at once. Excavate the trench deep enough to ensure a minimum of 4" or an amount equal to the slab thickness of concrete below each channel. Monolithic MOSFETS are four terminal devices. dig a 14" wide trench, line the outsidewith a 2 ft. D-400 E-600 F-900. perforatedDriveway with Monolithic Sidewalk (CG-13) Driveway with Separate Sidewalk (CG-14) Depressed Driveway (CG-15) Stabilized Construction Entrance (CG-16) Brick Paver Driveway Apron (CG-17) Curb Ramp Details A through C (CG-20) Curb Ramp Details D through G (CG-20) Curb Ramp Detail Notes (CG-20) Drainage systemTrench Drain 12” X 18”. Extra Heavy Duty Monolithic Trench Drains. But in-house, they will generally be about 4”, and I will save to cost about $150 for a 10” piece. You also need stub-outs for the vent stacks that must. One variety is the thickened-edge slab. The company offers various drainage systems specifically designed to manage stormwater runoff, protecting people from hazards and properties from potential damage. Channel drain for basement drains 101 a simple guide busy homeowners stainless steel slot mea germany thickness 200 400 mm real drainage options waterproof drytrak system monolithic foundations davenport trench water damage systems interior diy waterproofing you below ground structures delta membranes kessel gray prefabricated. ACO’s access covers have been appraised by regulatory. Unreacted metal (over the spacer) is removed by wet etching. ACO MonoBloc keeps the action fast, efficient, and safe! 🏎💦 Our MonoBloc monolithic polymer concrete trench drains are designed to optimizes grip and ensures driver safety for an unmatched. TRENCH DRAIN. Formats: RFA - Revit Object | RVT - Revit System | DWG - AutoCAD, Sketchup - all. for trench backfill, refer to idot ssrbc, article 1003. Hydrodynamic Separation. every 4 ft. Then they patch the slab with fresh concrete. Sumps and depressions must be constructed from a monolithic pour of the concrete used in the floor of the mixing and loading pad or secondary containment structure. This flier is an overview of guidelines for planning the construction of a garage and can be provided in different forms. Monolithic box culverts are one-piece rectangular/square four-sided concrete structures used in managing and storing storm water. select “Add to Quote Generator”. The ruggedness of the trench VDMOS was optimized using TCAD simulations. Aesthetically, the integral edge offers a clean, trim look that outperforms the exposed concrete edge. Foss. Once sections are delivered, they are set horizontally and the joints must be pulled together or ?tugged up” using a pulley system. EconoDrain #6 - SLOTTED DUCTILE IRON GRATE (STANDARD). The Kompaqdrain® trench drain range stands out as a solution offering high drainage capacity and maximum safety. 36 in. In this Pro Tip episode I'll give you a way to know if the soil under your property has a high Clay content, and I'll talk about why expansive clay can wreck. 6. Cast-In-Place Trench Drain Forming Systems. Find My Store. 000. 1500 Gallon Monolithic Septic Tank Details. First, a drainage trench is dug, sloping in the direction you want the. A French drain costs approximately $25-$50 per linear foot to install. Surface Drainage & Channel Drain Products. The idea is that the thicker edge bears the weight of the exterior walls, just as a separately poured concrete footing would. This resulted in the first trench drain, at least in the States, to have an “integral metal” edge on the channel. Inlet Filters. A French drain is a drainage system that redirects water away from a building’s foundation. sewer. The drain shall extend not less than 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the outside edge of the footing. £14. The tilted top section of the DryTrak profile is designed to maintain a narrow opening along the channel’s top edge, so that wall seepage can flow down into the drainage channel. C. SD232113-09: Expansion Loop Detail: PDF. Box 7107. Grade the bottom of the trench. So you’re basically paying for someone to dig a massive trench by hand. removable grates. They protect the house itself. Trench drain gratings and covers can be made in a wide array of orientations that will handle any volume of water runoff. , the industry leader in modular drainage systems for commercial and industrial use. D-400 E-600 F-900. This might not be an expensive project but it will produce p. 1. ABT designs and manufactures some of the most extensive, reliable, and versatile lines of channel. This achieves a continuous integral unit reacting and flexing with the. First, some definitions. In an other style of drains, the grates are screwed to the drain body. CLICK HERE to get FREE & FAST BIDS from local landscapers who might dig your linear french drain trench. Simple access and connection between each channel run is provided by a range of access units, pits and. The reinforced fiberglass sidewalls are high-impact resistant, providing a superior solution to a common challenge in this market. Drains with 'Hygiene First' features for food and kitchen environment. The height of the concrete foundation wall is usually determined by the size of the structure above. The code is unclear. BIM content - Architectural Building Information Modeling (BIM) objects / families / systems, free to download in revit or dwg formats for use with all major BIM and CAD software including AutoCAD, Sketch-Up, ArchiCAD and others. 51 with class 52 thickness. 6, Figure R404. Dig a trench from the place in your yard that needs drainage to your chosen outlet. Standard Plans Index. The resultant high precision monolithic trench is faster and easier to install when compared to traditional. The 4 mm galvanized steel (or stainless steel) reinforced edges and the particularly stable design of the channels allow them to be used in harbours, container terminals, or in highly frequented public and private areas. If French drains actually worked 100% of the time and solved the drainage issues they’re meant to fix, they’d be worth the money. Load Classes: D400 to F900. Temperature, Frost and UV-resistant FILCOTEN® channels are made of cement-bonded fiber composites, which react to changes in temperature in the same way as the surrounding concrete bedding. 99 (317) Model# 83300-3. . We carry a variety of systems including ACO systems, Zurn and U-Drain. The BG-FILCOTEN one urban is our new monolithic all-rounder with a load class up to D 400. Created Date: 3/18/2014 2:51:49 PMCreated Date: 3/19/2014 2:45:54 PMDig a Trench. 1. Advantages of Curb & Gutter: Adds parking area and enhances adjacent properties by the sharper separation between roads and lawns. POLYCAST® Presloped Trench Drains are easy and economical to install. Trench drain will connect to structures with forming system as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. (PolyDrain) have remedied the aesthetics of their own channels by developing a metal overlay or. TRENCH DRAIN. Male and female interconnecting joints Polymer concrete construction 130mm and 150mm height mountable kerb options and• choice of batter profiles One-piece unit Continuous capture inlets Monolithic kerb and trench drain unit made from polymer concrete Typical Applications • Highways. 5. Four-sided concrete culverts, commonly referred to as box culverts, come in a variety of sizes and are suitable for a variety of applications including underpasses, tunnels, subways, bridges, stream culverts,. Concrete stem walls that are monolithic with slabs-on-ground or are otherwise laterally supported by slabs-on-ground shall be vertically reinforced in accordance with Section R611. For specifications about the construction of concrete curbs and sidewalks, refer to Section 73, “Concrete Curbs and Sidewalks,” of the Standard Specifications. Hydraulics The amount of liquid a trench drain needs to collect and drain in a given time period determines size. Question:Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers Designed According to AASHTO LRFD 1. Free from de-molding agents, FILCOTEN HPC bonds securely with the surrounding concrete. Deep Series 1-1/2-in L x 5-1/4-in W Channel Adapter. 2001 floor and trench drain standard. Selecting a channel from the range is easy. 1000 Gallon Septic Tank Dimensions & Details. Subbase—this is a layer of gravel on top of the subgrade. Monolithic trench drain with built-in grating in a single body, for medium or high loads, specially designed for intense vehicle traffic. The Biden administration takes the threat seriously. They are monolithic trench drains (with built-in grating and channel in a single body without any discontinuities) and are made of anti-corrosive materials such as polymer concrete, making them durable, strong and safe. It is significant to drain the soil well. U. Your drain needs to slope downwards in order to effectively carry water to the basin. 2) specifies that the critical shear section should be taken at a distance d d from the face of the wall. Remove the soil beneath with a shovel. A full TrenchFormer is the original expanded concrete cast-in-place channel drain forming system. Stainless Steel Plant Grass Manhole Cove-Circular700X130. S. Where the unbalanced backfill retained by the stem wall is greater than 18 inches (457. Xingtai Gooyi New Material Tech Co. How to Unclog a Toilet. The integration scheme for the trench VDMOS module is. ParkUSA, a Northwest Pipe Company, is an industry leader in water and wastewater technology and innovation. or 12 in. Dig a trench from the area of your backyard that will be drained to the chosen draining point. Italics are used for text within Sections 1903 through 1905 of this code to indicate provisions that differ from ACI 318. long; length can be cut to size with a saw. . What if you could line your existing trench drains with a seamless monolithic flexible spray on lining. Caisson (engineering) In geotechnical engineering, a caisson ( / ˈkeɪsən / or / ˈkeɪsɒn /; borrowed from French caisson, from Italian cassone, meaning large box, an augmentative of cassa) is a watertight retaining structure [1] used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, [2] or. Useful for medium-high hydraulic requirements. FG. Use a spade to dig a trench wide enough to accommodate the drain pipe, plus a bit of room on either side for gravel. Pick Up: Not available No Availability. U. Part #865-GSS 3. sewer and drain fittings. • 651-284-5012Pipes and trenches belonging to the main site drainage system may cause uneven settling if allowed to pass close to or under buildings. Drainage. Under code, generally, one-story buildings with footings on undisturbed soil with LBVs between 1,500 and 4,000 should have a minimum width of 12 inches. Documents. The integration scheme for the trench VDMOS module is. The Grifform® Custom Shower Pans can be built using many different approved Solid Surface materials and colors. Section L - LANDSCAPING. Accommodating different wall treatments, entry locations and styles are a specialty of Grifform® and are always. ADA Compliant. It is used for the rapid evacuation of surface water or for the containment of utility lines or chemical spills. Significantly, the concrete former is entirely removed prior to service allowing complete inspection of the workmanship and quality of the final product. NDS experts can help solve your problem. The resultant high precision monolithic trench is faster and easier to install when compared to traditional. 4. When hot mix asphalt is to be placed on top of concrete backfill, check that the contractor provides a uniformly rough broom finish to the. Trench drains will be very general in economic appeal, so they obtain very weighty work, and a large plot will keep a 12” trench drain to contact with liquid. Concrete Sidewalks, Driveways and Barrier Free Ramps : 07/28/2016 . Floor mounted with cutout void. NDS 4 in. They excavate the ground below the channel, install perforated drain pipe and a sump pump well, and fill the trench with drainage gravel. wide, 3-3/4 in. Download the latest Zurn literature to assist with all of your plumbing projects. The location of the trench drains will depend on the configuration of the hangar. Or call us at 888-825-4716. 36 in. The stem walls transmit the load from the house to the footing (often a spread footing, which has a wider bottom section) and then it is distributed over a larger area. Im in upstate ny along the canadien border. System is designed so that it can be cut to almost any length. 1. Engineered for easy layout and installation, Zurn’s linear trench drainage products deliver the industry’s lowest total installed cost to the site owner. The monolithic integration of trench vertical DMOS (VDMOS) n-channel transistors into an IC BCD process is reported for the first time. Roof Drains Efficient roof drainage is an important element of maintaining a flat roof. Holliday St, Baltimore, MD 21202 City Operator: (410) 396-3100The most commonly used is monolithic slab #4 rebar. complete trench drain and grate). Pipes in a sump system drain the water to a sump pit or basin. Custom Shower Pans: are built to any shape, size and custom drain location with the widest variety of options available. . It’s important to install French drains around foundations because a French drain can prevent water from causing foundation damage. , substrate; nodes. The Kompaqdrain® trench drain range stands out as a solution offering high drainage capacity and maximum safety. If piping to a structure make sure the pipe is sufficiently large. Figure 2d shows the entire monolithic process of on-chip lasers, including the embedded growth of III-V gain materials in the grating patterned SOI trench and subsequent laser fabrications. Together, the parts form a heavy-duty drainage system made of Vienite, which is ACO's own durable recycled polymer concrete. A monolithic structure 170 as schematically illustrated, including parallel fin structures 175 illustrated in cross-section in FIG. Useful for medium-high hydraulic.